What countries, geographical areas do/will they come from? Is this past or future?
Daniel 11:40
NKJV - 40 At the time of the end the king of the South shall attack him; and the king of the North shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter the countries, overwhelm them, and pass through.
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In my opinion, the events described in this passage were future from the time that the passage was written, but past from our perspective today. The passage does not concern the end times. ("The end" as used in the passage refers to the culmination of the events being discussed by the prophet.) It deals with conflict between the Arabians (the king of the South) and the Turks (the king of the North), fighting over the vestiges of the Eastern Roman Empire, which had its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), with the Turks ultimately seizing control of Asia Minor and Greece.
The king of the south is Ptolemy I Soter. Daniel 11:36-45 describes the frightful reign of the coming Antichrist. The Seleucid king (i.e., “of the north”) is the king who happens to be in power at any particular time. The specific identity of these kings can be established more or less successfully by a comparison of this chapter with the available extra-biblical records that discuss the history of the intertestamental period.
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