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It is very important to clarify exactly what role the Emperor Constantine played in the Council of Nicea, what the purpose for the council was, what happened at Nicea, and briefly how the canon 'th...
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We need to remember that when we are speaking of Scripture we are talking about the Old Testament, not the New Testament. In fact Jesus in telling the story of the vinedresser who sent his servants to check on the spoils...those servents were the prophets of the Old Testament from Adam to John the Baptist... and then he sent his only begotten son whom He hoped the workers would respect but didn't...Jesus was the last one sent by God, and Scriptures are God's messages to His people. The New Testament, minus the Gospels, are extra-biblical books, and that is how their authors wrote them always directing the reader to go back to the Scriptures to see if what he wrote was true. So to answer this question ... no Constantine did not have any authority over Scripture, all those under his charge in the councils got to debate upon was the works of those who followed Christ. And when we read that Scripture in the infallible word of God it is speaking of just what we call the Old Testament. And for the New Testament or any other record to be true it must line up completely with what is revealed in Scripture.
The decision on which books belongs in the bible was not made by Constantine, but by a council of bishops during the Synod of Hippo (393), and again at the Synod of 397 at Carthage. A list of the books of Holy Scripture was drawn up, which survives to the current day as the Catholic canon (including some books called deuterocanonicals, or second list).
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