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I would say that the most commonly cited prophecy in that regard is Psalm 41:9. This psalm was written by David, in which the friend to whom he was referring was most likely Ahithophel (who at one time had been a trusted counselor to David, but who later joined David's son Absalom in his uprising against David, as recounted in 2 Samuel 15-18). However, like many passages in the Old Testament, this psalm (written under inspiration of the Holy Spirit) had both a present significance and also a prophetic future meaning (similar to Psalm 22, which applied both to David's situation at the time, while also prophesying the future crucifixion of Christ). In the case of Psalm 41:9, the verse pertained not only to Ahithophel, but also prophesied Judas' future betrayal of Jesus. (Jesus made specific reference to this prophecy at the Last Supper, as noted in John 13:18.)
Great question, Jane! Agreeing with Mr. Maas, the Scripture Jesus in the New Testament quoted from the Old Testament was Psalm 41:9–“Yea, mine own familiar friend, in whom I trusted, which did eat of my bread, hath lifted up his heel against me.” Psalm 41 opens talking about the poor (Ps 41:1 "Blessed is he that considereth the poor: the Lord will deliver him in time of trouble.") and Judas tried to identify himself with the poor (Jn 12:4-6; 13:26-30). Hath lifted up his heel: a metaphor drawn from the horse, which attacks with its heel. David wrote about someone who had "lifted up his heel," which portrays a deceptive and underhanded attack, but see Romans 16:20.
I think that these scriptures speak to this event. Zechariah 11:12,13: "Then I said to them, 'If it seems right to you, give me my wages; but if not, keep them!' So they weighed my wages, thirty pieces of silver!" (13) 'Throw it to the potter,' the Lord said to me - this magnificent price. I was valued by them. So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw it into the house of the Lord, to the potter." Zechariah 13:6,7 : "If someone asks him: 'What are these wounds on your chest?' - then he will answer: 'I received the wounds in the house of my friends.' Sword, awake against my shepherd, against the man who is my associate - this is the declaration of the Lord of Armies. Strike the shepherd and the sheep will be scattered; I will turn my hand against the little ones."
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