A coworker asked me this question, and although he couldn't remember the exact chapter in the Bible he based his question on, I believe it is Ezekiel 28. Adam, my coworker's name, said he was.
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The passage in question is Ezekiel 28:11-19, which is often cited as having a double meaning with respect to the king of Tyre and also the fall of Lucifer. Specifically, verse 13 says of him, "You were in Eden, the garden of God." Satan (in his fallen condition) is depicted in the Bible as having been present in Eden in the guise of the serpent who deceived Eve and caused her to sin. However, the Bible does not portray him as having been involved in any capacity with respect to the creation of Eden (which was accomplished directly by God Himself, as indicated in Genesis 2:8), or its "management" (in the sense of being "in charge" of it). (For Lucifer to have been "in charge of" Eden would equate him with Adam, of whom Genesis 2:15 says, "The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it." Adam was not Lucifer in an incarnate form, or in any other sense. Instead, Lucifer/Satan caused humanity to fall into sin.)
There is no sufficient (if any at all) proof that Satan had once occupied Eden before Adam. To subscribe to such would be lending credence to the theology of Pre-Adamism (belief that some beings existed before Adam). “The LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there He put the man whom He had formed.” (Gen.2.8) This implies that everything was brand new including Eden that God had planted, and the man He had formed and put in the garden. Claims such as putting Satan in Eden before Adam would have a burden of proof to disprove a lot of things. The Bible sometimes is simple and clear enough until we begin to make claims that may get an awful lot of biblical strands ruffled.
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