The disciples were not able to understand what Jesus meant until after His resurrection. It seems that there is no reference in the OT for them to understand what Jesus meant before His resurrection. Is there somewhere in the OT for people to understand Jesus' reply to the Jews?
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While the "body as the Temple" concept was a new teaching when Jesus gave it, there are a few places in the Old Testament which foreshadow this idea: 1. Exodus 25:8: "And let them make Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them." The tabernacle and later the temple served as physical representations of God's dwelling place among His people. The Holy of Holies, the innermost chamber of the temple, symbolized God's presence. This physical representation foreshadowed the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in believers' bodies as the new temple. 1 Cor 6:19: "Or do you not know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and you are not your own?" 2. Ezekiel 43:7: "And He said to me, “Son of man, this is the place of My throne and the place of the soles of My feet, where I will dwell in the midst of the children of Israel forever..." Ezekiel's vision of the restored temple emphasizes God's permanent presence among His people. This prophecy finds its ultimate fulfillment in the New Covenant, where believers become the dwelling place of God through the Holy Spirit. 3. Exodus 19:6: "and you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words which you shall speak to the children of Israel.” Israel's identity as a "kingdom of priests and a holy nation" foreshadows the priesthood of all believers in the New Covenant. Just as the Israelites were set apart for God's service, so too are Christians set apart as His temple. 1 Cor 3:16: "Don't you know that you yourselves are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in your midst?" 4. Leviticus 11:44: "For I am the Lord your God. You shall therefore consecrate yourselves, and you shall be holy; for I am holy..." The Old Testament emphasis on holiness and purity foreshadows the transformation that occurs in believers through the Holy Spirit. As God's temple, we are called to live lives that reflect His holiness. While the disciples might not have fully grasped the concept of the body as the temple before Jesus' Resurrection and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, the Old Testament laid the foundation for this understanding by emphasizing God's desire to dwell among His people, the importance of holiness and purity, and the corporate and individual identity of God's people as set apart for His service. [This answer was generated by the A.I. Bloom model, and edited for clarity and conformity to scripture.]
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