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In my opinion, Peter is speaking of the most elemental truths of the gospel, which I would summarize as the existence of one holy eternal God in three Persons; universal human sinfulness, resulting in the inability of humans to make themselves acceptable to God through their own actions, and consigning them to eternal separation from God; the incarnation of Christ as both true God and true man; Christ's death as the sufficient payment of God's penalty for human sin; and Christ's resurrection as the proof that that payment was sufficient in God's sight, making human salvation possible by faith in that payment, rather than in individual effort.
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